A: You can verify the fingerprint of the public key uploaded with the one displayed in your profile through the following ssh-keygen command run against your public key usingthe bash command line. You'll need to change the path and the public key filename if you aren't using the defaults.
Ssh Keygen Show Public Key Token
If you change the key pair that you use to connect to the instance, Amazon EC2 does not update the instance metadata to show the new public key. The instance metadata continues to show the public key for the key pair that you specified when you launched the instance.
In the SSH public key authentication use case, it is rather typical that the users create (i.e. provision) the key pair for themselves. SSH implementations include easily usable utilities for this (for more information see ssh-keygen and ssh-copy-id).
JSON Web Tokens offer a simple and powerful way to generate tokens for APIs. These tokens carry a payload that is cryptographically signed. While the payload itself is not encrypted, the signature protects it against tampering. In their most common format, a "secret key" is used in the generation and verification of the signature. In this article I'm going to show you a less known mechanism to generate JWTs that have signatures that can be verified without having access to the secret key.
So for these types of applications, it would be better to have the signing key safely stored in the authentication service, and only used to generate keys, while all other services can verify those tokens without actually having access to the key. And this can actually be accomplished with public-key cryptography.
The next step is to generate a public/private key set (usually called a "key pair") for the application to use. There are a few different ways to generate RSA keys, but one that I like is to use the ssh-keygen tool from openssh:
Now that I have the token, I can show you how it can be verified using the public key. If you are trying this with me, exit your Python session and start a new one, to make sure there is no trace of the private key in the Python context. Here is how you can verify the token above:
This example looks nearly identical to the previous ones, but the important fact is that we are ensuring this token is valid without access to any sensitive information. The server's public key presents no risk, so it can be freely shared with the world. And in fact, anybody would be able to verify the tokens that your application generates with this key. To prove this point, let me share with you my public key:
You can now take this public key and validate the token that I generated, and letting you validate the tokens does not introduce any security risks for me. I'm still the only person in the world that can generate new tokens.
@SG: I do not have a complete example, but any of my API token examples should be easily adaptable to use public-key signatures. I have never used flask-jwt-extended, but the docs appear to suggest they do support public key signatures.
Once a client gets a signed token from the auth server, what would they send back to prove their identity to a server that didn't have access to the private key? The payload encoded with the private key? And that other server would just use the public key to verify that it's legit?
Regarding "Using Public-Key Signatures with JWTs" , if i have multiple consumers for my api and every consumer signs token with their own private key , and i do have public keys of all consumers . when anyone of api consumers sends token how would i know which public key to use to decode it . One solution would be to ask consumers to send consumer key along with token ,based on consumer key i will pick up their public key to decode the token. Is there any other solution to achieve this ?
As soon as you've entered the passphrase twice, ssh-keygen will generate your private (id_rsa) and public (id_rsa.pub) key files and place them into your .ssh directory. You'll also be shown the key fingerprint that represents this particular key.
That's it. Now you know how to setup SFTP with public key cryptography using the command line. There's actually an easier way to do this. The article, 2 Ways to Generate an SFTP Private Key, will show you a couple of GUI-based methods that arrive at the same result.
An SSH key consists of a pair of files. One is the private key, which should never be shared with anyone. The other is the public key. The other file is a public key which allows you to log into the containers and VMs you provision. When you generate the keys, you will use ssh-keygen to store the keys in a safe location so you can bypass the login prompt when connecting to your instances.
5. Click the Save private key button and store it somewhere safe. Generally anywhere in your user directory is fine as long as your PC is password protected. Before closing the keygen, you may want to copy the public key to your clipboard, but you can always get it later as well.
10. Paste the public key into the file by right-clicking the SSH client window. Make sure the key goes on a single line for OpenSSH to be able to read it. Note that the key type needs to also be included, ssh-rsa as shown in the example below.
Once connected, WinSCP shows two file tree sections. The left shows files on your local computer and the right shows files on your Linode. Using the file explorer on the left, navigate to the file where you saved your public key in Windows. Select the public key file and click Upload in the toolbar above.
Install the public key on the remote host to which you want to connect. Do this by pasting the public key from the Clipboard into the the authorized_keys file, which is located in the .ssh directory in your home directory on the remote host. Figure 3 shows the vi editor being used for this purpose.
Mac_user: ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identification has been saved in id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:16:8e:e8:f2:1d:c9:b9:cf:43:9a:b3:3c:c1:1f:95:93 Mac_user
Enable the remote.SSH.showLoginTerminal setting in VS Code and retry. If you are prompted to input a password or token, see Enabling alternate SSH authentication methods for details on reducing the frequency of prompts.
Once you import the key, the window contains a Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file section with a similar-looking sequence. If you select that text and paste it into a file, it collapses the + characters that it shows, and produce the public key.
The ssh-keygen utility can be used to generate a key pair to use for authentication. After you have used this utility, you will have two files, by default /.ssh/id_ (the private key) and /.ssh/id_.pub (the public key). Always keep your private key (e.g. /.ssh/id_) secret and secure.
As of Cisco IOS Release 12.4(11)T and later releases, you mayspecify the device where RSA keys are generated. Devices supportedinclude NVRAM, local disks, and USB tokens. If your router has aUSB token configured and available, the USB token can be used ascryptographic device in addition to a storage device. Using a USBtoken as a cryptographic device allows RSA operations such as keygeneration, signing, and authentication of credentials to beperformed on the token. The private key never leaves the USB tokenand is not exportable. The public key is exportable.
Since the private key is not always available on the filesystem, specifying a public key as IdentifyFile is also supported. This can be used to authenticate using an SSH agent backed by a hardware token containing the private key for example.
If you prefer not to scan the QR code with your device's camera, select 'Enter a provided key' and enter the 'secret' field value shown in the MFA token. For the 'Account name' field, you can use the TOTP number shown in the MFA token (e.g., NERSC-TOTP18941BFC). Then, select 'Time based'.
After either scanning the QR code or entering the secret code manually, it should register automatically and then show the new token in your list. Your mobile device is now connected to your Iris account for MFA logins.
Click the '+' sign to add an account for which the app will generate OTPs for you. When you are prompted to enter a code "given by the website" as shown below, enter the 'Authy Web Code' field value shown in the MFA token generated in Iris (that is, the code that is blacked out, beneath the QR code in the screenshot shown above). Select a name for this token (e.g., NERSC-TOTP38776DC3), color to be used for displaying the token in the app (e.g., 'Generic Black') and the token length (you must select '6-digit'), and then click 'Save'.
Alternatively, when Iris generates a QR code along with the "secret" code (see the 'Creating and Installing a Token' section), you can create a token on each device using the same QR or secret code, if you want. Then, if multiple devices' internal clocks are running at the same rate and the time on the devices is the same, the authenticator apps on the multiple devices will show the identical OTP. 2ff7e9595c
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